Panic attacks usually occur with little to no warning and can sometimes be mistaken for a heart attack. Today, more than 4 million Americans suffer from panic attacks. So what are they and why do they happen?

One of the panic attack theories is that the body's internal alarm system is unnecessarily triggered; causing the body and mind to think it is in a dangerous situation when it really isn't. Panic attacks can be triggered more frequently after a stressful situation has occurred, while taking certain medications, and during pregnancy.

The leading cause of panic attacks is a reaction to a stressful event. The event could even have occurred as far back as childhood. On the other hand, it can also be recent, such as a life transition.

Panic attacks can also be caused by other illnesses such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, obsessive-compulsiveness, separation anxiety disorders, and certain kinds of drug overdoses. People with chronic fatigue syndrome have also been linked with panic attacks.

The symptoms of a panic attack are similar to those of a heart attack. Some of the physical symptoms include a rapid heartbeat, sweating, nausea or vomiting, hot flashes, dizziness, and trouble breathing. The person may or may not have all of these symptoms at once.

Aside from the physical symptoms, there are also internal symptoms as well. The person might have the feeling of losing control, irrational fear of dying or being injured, or feel as if they are in a dreamlike state. Some people report that they feel as though the walls are closing in on them, while others say that they feel as if the space that they are in is "too big."

Stimulants and certain triggers can lead to panic attacks. One such stimulant is caffeine. A reminder of the stressful event that might be causing the panic attack can be a trigger. A reminder might come in the form of a memory of the event, or a sound and smell associated with it.

Environmental triggers can also lead to panic attacks. For instance, more than 50% of people with panic attacks report that hot and stuffy environments cause panic attacks. A sudden drop in room temperature might also trigger them.

There are quite a few methods to treating panic attacks. Psycho-therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mediation, and medication re all sued as treatment options. Some medication sued for depression, such as Zoloft, can be used, while anti-anxiety medication like Klonipin is also used from time to time.

It is a good idea to consult a physician if you find that you are having more panic attacks than usual, or if you start having them for the first time. Panic attacks do not generally pose serious risks, but they can affect the overall quality of your life. They can lead to social anxiety, as well as depression. People who have recurring panic attacks are also pre-disposed to heart disease. With treatment, however, panic attacks can be overcome.